According to industry analysts: According to the current trend of the Chinese herbal medicine market, coffee beans (also known as Cassia seed) are one of the medicinal materials that are worthy of vigorous development. The cultivation techniques are as follows:
1. Growth habits
Coffee beans love warmth, are drought-tolerant but not cold-resistant, and are afraid of frost damage. Seedlings and adult plants are susceptible to frost and defoliation and death, and seeds cannot mature. Coffee beans do not have strict requirements on the land, and can also be grown in idle land, but sandy soil with good drainage, deep soil, and loose fertile soil is suitable.
2. Planting technology
Seed selection: Before sowing, the germination rate of seeds should be tested. Specific method: Divide the full-grained seeds into several portions, number them in sequence, take out 125-250 grams of each portion and put them into correspondingly numbered vessels, soak them in warm water around 50℃ for a whole day and night, pour out the water, and then rinse it with clean water, then cover it with a damp cloth to keep the humidity. After three days, buds will emerge. Select those with a bud rate of over 85% as seeds.
Land preparation: In the selected plots, apply 2,000-2,500 kilograms of circle fertilizer and 25 kilograms of superphosphate per acre, and spread them evenly on the ground, plowing, raking, and leveling, generally without bordering. If it is a border, it can be made into a flat border with a width of 1.2 to 1.5 meters.
Sowing: Soak the selected species in 50℃ warm water for a whole day and night, and after they have absorbed water to expand, remove them to dry on the surface, and then sow them. The sowing period is from Qingming to Guyu period (mid-April), and the temperature is 15-20℃. Too early, the ground temperature is low, and the seeds are easy to root in the soil; too late, the seeds cannot mature, which affects the yield and quality. It is advisable for sowing to be drilled, with a row spacing of 50-70 cm, and a 5-6 cm deep ditch, spread the seeds evenly in the ditch, cover with 3 cm of soil, slightly suppress, and the seedlings will emerge about 10 days after sowing. In the drought in the north, it is necessary to irrigate first and then sow, do not water after sowing, so as to avoid compaction of the topsoil and affect the emergence of seedlings.
3. Field management
Loosen the soil and weed: When the seedlings are 3-6 cm high, thin the seedlings and pull out the weak or too dense seedlings; when the seedlings are 10-13 cm high, the seedlings are fixed and the planting distance is about 30 cm. Loosen and weed the soil at the same time as thinning and fixing seedlings to keep the soil loose. Coffee beans are relatively drought-tolerant and can grow normally when the soil maintains general humidity. In the case of drought, water them properly, but they should be watered less during the fixed seedling period. By the time of Bailu (early September), the fruit tends to mature, but Stop watering.
Topdressing: Seedling height is about 35 cm. Before plant sealing, apply 20 kg superphosphate and 10-15 kg ammonium sulfate to the seedlings, mixed in the rows, then cultivate the soil, bury the fertilizer in the soil, and prevent the plants from falling down.
Four, pest control
The most common coffee bean disease is gray spot, and its source is a kind of imperfect fungus, which mainly damages the leaves. In the beginning, a lighter brown spot appeared in the center of the leaf, and then a gray mold was produced on the spot. Before or at the beginning of the onset, spray 500 times of 65% Zinc Disen solution or 800 to 1000 times of 50% dysentery. Liquid removal treatment. Insect pests mostly occur in late spring and early summer, mainly aphids, and use dimethoate emulsion to make a 200-fold solution spray.
5. Harvesting, processing, and storage
The coffee beans will gradually mature at the autumn equinox (late September) and harvest when the pods turn yellowish-brown. The whole plant is cut and dried, the seeds are removed, and the impurities are removed to become medicinal materials. Coffee beans should be stored in a ventilated, dry and cool place, pay attention to moisture and prevent rodent damage.
